Bibliography

Name- Tasker, Yvonne

Title -Working Girls, Gender and Sexuality in Popular Cinema

Year published- 1998

"The 1980s and early 1990s saw the emergence of a few female action heroes defined by a quality of muculinity" pg 70

How this book is useful to me.
This book outlines the changes in which women had in film. It mostly explains the changes in which women were represented in film and the different roles that they had to play. This would be useful for my independent study as i would be able to make references to the way in which women have been portrayed in film.

Name- King, Geoff

Title- Film Comedy

Year published- 2002

"When the girlis confronted by the knife-wielding killer in her hallway, a table presents her with a selection of objects from which to choose. She selects the banana(exaggeration of the generic assumption of victim-dumbness)" pg 127

How this book would be useful to me.
This book would be useful to me as it offers me information about how different charcaters are used in order to create humour for the audience. From the quote above it shows how some women are represented in comedy films.

Name- Hayward, Susan

Title- Cinema Studies

Year published- 2000

"Man as producer, Women as the reproducer"

How this book would be useful to me.
This book would be useful for me to use throughout my independent as the book is more like an A to Z of different media terms and key concepts which I could include throughout my independent study.

Name- Silver, Alain
Ursini, James

Title- Film Noir

Year published- 2004

" While there are many female protagonists in film noir, most of them exist in tandem with a male figure"

"No matter how dominating the women may be, without a male figure to equal prominence there is no story, without a man to destroy there is no femme fatale"

How this book would be useful to me.
I believe that this book would be useful for me throughout my independent study as it outlines the history of film in great detail and explains how the characteristics of the roles in film have changed over time.

Name- Gauntlett, David

Title- Media Gender and Identity

"Overall men were more likely to be assertive, whilst women were more likely to be passive"

How this book would be useful to me.
This book would be useful for me to use throughout my independent study as it gives some insight to how the roles of women have changed in films over the years.

“Gaunter (1995: 13-14).”-pg 43

“The role of a woman in a film almost always revolves around her physical attraction and the mating games she plays with the male characters”.

Name- Fauldi, Susan

Title- Blame it on Feminism, Introduction to Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women

Year published-1991

"If women have "made it," then why are nearly 80 percent of working women still stuck in traditional "female" jobsñas secretaries, administrative "support" workers and salesclerks?"

How this book would be useful to me.
This book would be useful to me throughout my independent study as fauldi is able to explain in detail on how women are in society represented. I would then be able to link her views to my independent study as both her ideas and the way women are represented in films are different.

Name- Rosen, Marjorie

Title- Popcorn Venus: Women, Movies and the American Dream

Year published -1973

"the Cinema Woman is a popcorn Venus, a delectable but insubstantial hybrid of culture distortions"

Name- Humm, Maggie

Title- Feminism and Film

Year published- 1997

"Film often and anxiously envisions women stereotypically as good mothers or baf hysterical careerists"

Title- Hard Bodies: Hollywood Masculinity in the Reagan Era

Name- Jeffords, Susan

Year published -1993

“Good mother icons are pretty thin on the ground too; we’ve probably got more good fathers these days.”

Reading list......

Title- Impossible bodies, Femininity and masculinity at the movies

Name- Holmlund, Chris

"Exploring whether independent films grant them greater freedom than do mainstream movies and examing how audiences understand the "service" roles they play as spitfires maids and mamas asked to provide sexual favors, perform household chores and proffer emotional glue" pg 111

Title- The media students book third edition

Name- Branston, Gill
Stafford, Roy

" Stereotypes work by taking some easily grasped features presumed to belong to a group putting them at the centre of the description and implying that all members of the group always have thoese features" pg 92

Title- Introducing media studies

Name- Sardar, Ziauddin
Van Loon, Borin

"women are constantly portrayed in the media as objects of the male gaze" pg 82

"Patricia's role is to remind the audience of men's natural intended "rightful" place for women, raising beautiful children and duitfully supporting the more "important" work of men" pg 138

Title- The cinema book 2nd edition

Name- Cook, Pam
Bernink, Mieke

feminist counter cineam theory emerged in the 1970s in tandem with the critique of hollywood developed by Clare Johnston and Laura Mulvey

"If we accept that cinema involves the production of signs the idea of non intervention is pure mystification. The sign is always a product what the camera is fact gasps is the natural word of teh dominant ideology. Womens cinema cannot afford such idealism the truth of our oppression cannot be captured on celluloid with the innocence of the camera. It has to be constructed/manufactured. New meanings have to be created by disrupting the fobric of the male bourgeois cinema within the text of the film". (Johnston 1974) pg 118

"Both argued that since the narrative conventions, iconographic traditions and identicatory structures of mainstream film were shaped by their development in a patriachal society, a change in content alone would mearly reproduce the bias in the system" (Mulvey 1979)

Title- Action and Adventure cinema

Name- Tasker, Yvonne

"The term action babe heroine is intended to capture the yoking together of soft and hard elements which comprise this fantasy figure. Beautiful young women- a babe and equally importantly she is fit". pg 205

Title- Bollywood cinema, Temples of Desire

Name- Mishra, Vijay

" Since the spectator identifies with the male protagonist any shift in the sexual dynamics of the women and the protagonist leads to a kind of mediatized eriticism on the part of the spectator because the protagonist possession is read as his own"
"There is also a considerable weakening of woman as icon of desire" pg 95